The purpose of a cooling tower is to keep a process from raising temperatures too high were they either can be dangerous or lower the efficiency. Best management practice and guidance manual for cooling towers. Cooling tower seminar presentation for final year project free download as powerpoint presentation. The primary task of a cool ing tower is to reject heat into the atmosphere. Cooling tower performance in free cooling applications is dependent upon both the system and cooling tower design. Cooling tower project report free download as pdf file. Solving applied problems involving hyperbolas college.
Jea, as the control authority, is required to regulate cooling tower discharges to the potw. The project is mainly about designing of a pilotscale cooling tower that uses different fill material and arrangement than the traditional ones. Phd thesis wetcooling tower thermal performance evaluation. The main part of the installation is the cooling tower, hav. Drift eliminators are also known as mist eliminators. The cooling effect is obtained by the natural air which is. Course contents evaporative coolers, often called swamp coolers, are cooling systems that use only water and a blower to circulate air. Nominal tower dimensions nominal tower dimensions is dimensions used to indicate the effective size of cells, or cooling tower. Cooling tower, equipment, louver, motor pump, tank. Cooling tower efficiency calculations cooling tower approach. Pdf 60 m3h nominal capacity cooling tower was designed, based on the. For example, the cooling tower might be specified to cool 4540 m3hr from 48.
Cooling tower pumping and piping bottom vented downcomer. The major concern during i study the cooling tower theory was how to computerize the cooling tower theory from the calculation of ntu to the cooling tower performance analysis. An asdesigned analysis has been performed to quantify the impact of design parameters, expected cooling tower performance, and meteorology on the capacity of watts bar nuclear plant wbn. To purchase them for commercial purpose, here we have collect some vital information. Design and fabrication of cooling tower international journal of. The heat picked up in the heat exchanger is returned to the cooling tower where it is rejected to the atmosphere by evaporative and convective cooling. The cooling towers can perform their work in ample ways by using a varied type of advanced technologies. There are many different types of cooling towers but the cooling tower working principles stay pretty much the same. Cooling tower discharges present a potential problem to the treatment of sanitary sewer and sludge quality especially for the biosolids reuse facility. Cooling tower calculations water technology report. They reject process heat from the cooling water to atmosphere and keep the water cool. These studies were complicated by the fact that the cooling tower market is typically driven by one of two powerful, yet often conflicting requirements. Dec 04, 2017 the purpose of a cooling tower is to conserve water.
For example, a cooling tower sized to cool 4540 m 3hr through a. The purpose of a cooling tower is to conserve water. Water treatment chemicals utilized for cooling tower systems which contain molybdenum are prohibited in the jea sanitary sewer. When warm, dry unsaturated air is pulled through a watersoaked pad, water is evaporated and is absorbed as water vapor into the air. Experimental study of cooling tower performance using. Pdf design and performance analysis of the cooling tower in the. As a final year project, a labscale cooling tower was designed and experiments. Operation and maintenance of cooling towers must be in accordance with. Confidential cooling tower drift test report for member of the cooling tower institute, houston, tx, midwest research institute, kansas city, mo, august 1984. Here we explain in full detail how cooling towers operate with example text, pictures, diagrams and principles. Process design of cooling towers project standards and specifications page 7 of 34 rev.
By using a cooling tower, the plant is kept safe and operational. Not all cooling towers work for all applications or industrial processes. The only between the induced draft cooling tower and forced draft cooling tower is that the fan is located at the top in the induced draft cooling tower. We offer mostly the common induced draft cooling tower systems that are generally used in large office buildings, hotels, hospitals, shopping malls and even in other industrial processes and facilities.
Chapter 8 cooling towers system shutdown and startup. If you read this book carefully, you can make any cooling tower design programs by yourself. Some towers are furnished with a distribution manifold with nozzles which require additional pressure. Cooling tower plays a major role in chemical process industry. Other factors, which we will see, must be stated along with flow rate m3hr. Rp m 2 rp m 1 cfm 2 c fm 1 staticpressure 2 static pressure 1 cfm 2 cfm 12 ho rsep ower 2 ho rsepow er 1c fm cfm 3 formulas.
Cooling towers are a very important part of many chemical plants. Drift loss of the cooling tower is normally provided by the cooling tower manufacturer based on the process design. Confidential cooling tower drift test report, midwest research institute, kansas city, mo, november 1983. A schematic illustration and photo of the used experimental apparatus are shown in fig. The tower shall be structurally capable of being supported at the four outer corners of the tower cell.
Chalk point cooling tower project, volumes 1 and 2, jhu ppspcpctp16. It is a proof of heat exchanger device where air and water are brought together in direct contact. It is in the design stage of a project that these decisions must be made to minimize ice formation on the future cooling tower. Cooling towers may either use the evaporation of water to remove process heat and cool the working fluid to near the wetbulb air temperature or, in the case of closed circuit dry cooling towers, rely solely on air to cool the working fluid to near. It is used in conjunction with a residential size water heater to simulate a cooling tower used to provide cool water to an industrial process. For this purpose a tank used where the hot water coming from the different equipment gets collected. Winter operation considerations for open cooling towers. Cooling towers may either use the evaporation of water to. Sep 27, 2018 cooling tower pumping and piping guide pdf 9272018 06. Introduction a cooling tower is a heat rejection device which extracts waste heat to the atmosphere through the cooling of a water stream to a lower temperature.
Experimental study of cooling tower performance using ceramic. Alternatively, the tower manufacturer shall provide supporting steel to adapt tower to be. For example, a cooling tower sized to cool 4540 m3hr through a. Cooling towers make use of evaporation whereby some of the water is evaporated into a moving air stream and subsequently discharged into the atmosphere. Chapter 8 cooling towers system shutdown and start. To rotate fan, it uses motor with speed around rpm. The hot water is then supplied to the cooling tower for cooling by the use of motor pump. The term induced draft denotes that air is drawn by fans through the flow of falling water and up and out of the cooling tower.
Page 2 of 7 june 4, 2012 sow cooling tower replacement project muscat 1. The fanlaws can be used topredi ctthe pe rformance ofa towerwitha nonstandard motor. Introduction the laboratory cooling tower is a cooling tower unit from a commercial air conditioning system used to study the principles of cooling tower operation. Nov 15, 2014 introduction the laboratory cooling tower is a cooling tower unit from a commercial air conditioning system used to study the principles of cooling tower operation. All cooling tower discharges must be in accordance with applicable state, local or federal rules and regulations. Here we help you understand the various types of cooling towers, there advantagesdisadvantages and determine which cooling tower type is right for your industrial process. In short, a cooling tower cools down water that gets over heated by industrial equipment and procedures.
The cooling tower circuit differs slightly from the basic open circuit in that the discharge piping is connected directly to a distribution basin. Pdf design modifications in induced draft cooling tower for. Cooling tower seminar presentation for final year project. Again, this will be a first issue releasing the actual engineering approach. Types of cooling towers natural draft and mechanical draft. Statement of work for cooling tower replacement project at.
Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site. The technology evaluation assesses side stream filtration for cooling towers. Amid this procedure, little volumes of water dissipate, bringing down the temperature of the water that is being flowed all through the cooling tower. It is used in conjunction with a residential size water heater to simulate a cooling tower. When a new project is started there is a benefit in having a starting point and a model that works in that field. A design for a cooling tower project is shown in figure 12. Today we are going to talk about how you can choose the right cooling tower system for areas with tropical climates. Cooling towers are usually designed for specific purposes.
If it is not available it may be assumed as for natural draft cooling tower d 0. The water that is evaporated at the cooling tower is pure, that is, it doesnt contain any of the dissolved minerals present in the makeup. Assume that the center of the hyperbolaindicated by the intersection of dashed perpendicular lines in the figureis the origin of the. The purpose of this project was to create a dynamic model of a cooling tower. Working principle is same as natural draught cooling tower, only difference is that here fan is mounted on the cooling tower. Most cooling towers work based on the principle of evaporative cooling. Here, in this cooling tower project the maximum flow rate of hot water is. Quick guide to frp square cooling tower and its parts one of the most significant components of any industrial process is frp square cooling tower. As a final year project, a labscale cooling tower was designed and experiments were performed with different inlet flow rates. They are located in areas that are situated after the fill and water sprays and just before the area where the air exits the cooling tower see figures 6 and 8. Application of this principle to the design of large cooling towers has resulted in extremely stable performance levels for critical projects. Tradional hvac heating and cooling systems are used in schools, large office buildings, and hospital.
Cooling tower project report corrosion air conditioning. Range range is determined not by the cooling tower, but by the process it is serving. Drift eliminators are installed to prevent water entrained in the air from leaving the system. Cooling tower efficiency calculation is described in this article. Dec 25, 2011 a cooling tower is an equipment used to reduce the temperature of a water stream by extracting heat from water and emitting it to the atmosphere. A cooling tower is a specialized heat exchanger in which air and water are brought into direct contact with each other in order to reduce the waters temperature. Princeton engineering services induced draft cooling tower. Cooling towers can be split into two distinct categories. Power reductions at the pressure drops condenser water flow 2400 gpm 1600 gpm condenser cooling tower condenser piping 26. The most common is for a cooling tower that provides the required heat rejection capacity with a high level of reliability at low cost. Cooling tower pumping and piping guide pdf 9272018 06. Department of state dos requires professional engineering and construction. Since most models are static, this new model can e. Abstract this paper presents detailed methodology of a induced draft cooling tower of counter flow type in which its efficiency, effectiveness, characteristics are calculated.
As this occurs, a small volume of water is evaporated, reducing the temperature of the water being circulated through the tower. Super tower industries cooling tower is a distinctive variety of heatexchanger that enables water and air to interact with one another to bring down the water temperature from the higher temperature. See the more detailed explanation of cooling towers systems. In the horizontal plane, they refer to the approximate width and length of packed areas, and in the vertical plane. F o r m u l a s a n d t a b l es formulasandtables fanlaws. The cooling effect is obtained by the natural air which is entering in the gap provided by the louvers. Inadequate flow rates downcomer flow rates can be so low, relative to pipe size, as to allow air to enter at the pipe discharge. A cooling tower is an equipment used to reduce the temperature of a water stream by extracting heat from water and emitting it to the atmosphere. Which cooling tower is best for tropical climates the climate conditions can somehow affect the performance of cooling towers due mainly to the fact that they make use of the surrounding air as well as water supply to do their job. Cooling tower project report corrosion air conditioning scribd. A cooling tower is a heat rejection device that rejects waste heat to the atmosphere through the cooling of a water stream to a lower temperature. Winter operation of an open cooling tower presents certain design considerations for a project.
The evaluation provides a characterization of side stream filtration technology, describes typical applications, and details specific types of filtration technology. Cooling tower fundamentals spx cooling technologies. In the horizontal plane, they refer to the approximate width and length of packed areas, and in the vertical plane to the height above basin kerb level. Best management practice and guidance manual for cooling. Experimental the tested cooling tower is a forced draft counter. Cooling towers are usually specified to cool a certain flow rate from one temperature to another temperature at a certain wet bulb temperature.
Heat and mass transfer in counterflow wetcooling towers. Understanding key components of cooling towers and. In this type of cooling tower, fan is used to circulate the air. The technical data has been taken from a mechanical draft cooling tower. In open circuit systems the recirculating water returns to the tower after 1 one ton of refrigeration is equal to 12,000 btuhour. Cooling tower selection 5 unit layout 6 cooling tower piping 7 cooling tower accessories 8 iii.